Weather

The state of the atmosphere at a particular place and time

A complex system with many interacting components (temperature, atmospheric pressure, cloud formation, wind, humidity, rain and human activity)

A dynamic system that operates across multiple time and spatial scales (minutes to centuries and local to global) 

Components and scales are interconnected and interact dynamically creating constantly shifting conditions

Interactions can cause an increase or amplification of conditions (positive feedback loop) or a decrease or dampening of conditions (negative feedback loop)

Interactions are nonlinear, response to change is not typically gradual, sudden shifts occur

A small event can trigger a chain reaction, affecting conditions in another place at a later time, in ways that are hard to predict

Minor changes can lead to major unexpected outcomes

Local events can influence global patterns and short-term fluctuations can have long-term consequences

Large complex events emerge from the interactions between simpler small-scale phenomena (wind, temperature, moisture), and at the same time large complex events can influence small-scale processes

Events emerge naturally. Components self-organise across varying scales, without centralised control

Emergent behaviour cannot be predicted by looking at the individual components alone

Hindsight does not lead to foresight because external conditions and systems constantly change

Broad trends and patterns can be predicted (seasonal trends), but smaller-scale events are chaotic and more sensitive to minor changes (path of a hurricane)

What has happened before affects what happens now as parts evolve together and with the environment irreversibly. An adaptive system.

An unordered system. Not constrained by the system (ordered system), nor entirely unconstrained (chaotic system). Constraints emerge from within